Equations

Equations can be included in two ways: inline or display mode.

To make an inline equation, just put the LaTeX equation between $-signs. For example, $F = m \cdot a$ produces: \(F = m \cdot a\).

Display mode equations (the ones that take up a whole line), can be inserted using double $-signs, like this:

$$
    F = m \cdot a
$$

which will produce:

\[ F = m \cdot a \]

Tip

The scientific rules dictate that quantities (\(F\), \(m\), \(a\) etc.) should be printed in italics. Units, however, should not! One can use \text{m} in an equation to comply to this rule:

\[ F = m \cdot a = 10 \cdot 9.81 = 98 \text{N}\]

Warning

Make sure there is a blank line before the display mode equations, otherwise it will render as inline and display the outer set of $$$ symbols. Also, the Euro symbol is not included in MathJax (see note below) and must be specified using \unicode{0x20AC} (note that it displays incorrectly in some Markdown renderers like VS Code).

To number the equations and refer in text, you need to provide a label to the equation. Just put the label between brackets and place it after the last $$, like this:

$$
    F = m \cdot a
$$ (newtons_second_law)

Resulting in:

(2)\[ F = m \cdot a \]

Equation (1) can now be referred to.

Note

The Jupyter Book uses MathJax to display equations, which provides some LaTeX-like functionality, but not all! For example, the Euro symbol is missing, and packages like siunitx are not available (hint, use \textrm{} and \textrm{}). When something is not working, it’s useful to search for MathJax-specific solutions (hint, include “mathjax” in your Google search).