Section forces#

Normal and shear force and bending moment#

../../_images/beam1.svg

These section forces, including their deformation signs, are treated in in the book Engineering Mechanics Volume 1 in chapter 10.1.1, 10.3 and 10.1.4 (Hartsuijker and Welleman, 2006).

Torsional moment#

../../_images/torsion.svg

The torsional moment is treated in in the book Engineering Mechanics Volume 1 in chapter 10.1.3, specifically with figure 10.16, and 10.1.4 (Hartsuijker and Welleman, 2006).